- Hi, I am Kdu Berger.

For the last few years we've explored the Pacific Northwest rich history and fascinating mythologies on the Cascade PBS series, Moss Backs Northwest.

One thing I've learned over this time is that the Pacific Northwest is truly one of the most exciting and interesting places to experience.

I've had so much fun discovering this region's unique past and this is just the tip of the iceberg.

The best is still to come.

Today I'm here in the Moss back den with my good friend and Moss back's Northwest producer Steven Hagg.

To look back at the history of this show and showcase some of our all time favorite episodes.

Along the way, we'll peek behind the scenes and share some of the most memorable moss back moments.

Thanks for joining us for the very best of Moss Back's Northwest.

The Northwest is known for many things, unique foods, majestic sea creatures, and fun pastimes.

In this first block of episodes, we'll explore some Pacific Northwest favorites.

Enjoy.

You've heard about the Boys in the boat, the 1936 Husky crew that went to the Berlin Olympics and won a gold medal, but today we're gonna talk about another group of local sports heroes, who I call the Boys on Ice.

Seattle has long dreamed of being a world class city and those dreams go back over a hundred years.

At the turn of the century, between 1900 1910, Seattle grew by 200%.

In the next 10 years, it grew another 30% so that by 1920 there were over 300,000 people in Seattle and people yearned for big league entertainment of some kind, and what they got was a hockey team.

To attract the big league team, Seattle built a state-of-the-art ice Arena.

The arena was built adjacent to the Olympic Hotel on the Metropolitan Track.

It cost a hundred thousand dollars and had a seating capacity of 3,500.

In 1915, Seattle got professional hockey team.

They were called the Seattle Metropolitans and they played for the Pacific Coast Hockey Association.

They wore green, white, and red horizontal stripe jerseys called barber pole jerseys, so they played other teams like Portland, Vancouver, Victoria.

Later Spokane, they hired a coach who had been a, not only a hockey coach, a former boxer named Pete Muldoon, and he was bit like another sports p we know in Seattle.

He wanted players who were young, smart, fast, athletic.

Most of the hockey players of that era were Canadian, and so Muldoon went to Toronto and he picked up the core of a really excellent hockey team and brought them to Seattle to play.

In those days, the champion of the Pacific Coast League would play the Eastern Canada champion for the Stanley Cup, essentially the super bowl of hockey.

The first season there were high expectations, but it didn't go so well and they didn't win the championship.

Instead, Portland Rosebuds did and they went and played for the Stanley Cup.

In their second season, the Metropolitans lived up to the hype, but it didn't start out well.

They lost a number of their first games.

They had injured players.

They really battled against intense rivals that were also very good, such as the Vancouver millionaires.

But they prevailed.

They won the championship led by Frank Foton, their team captain, their MVP and a prolific scorer.

They won the right to go and battle for the Stanley Cup against the Montreal Canadians.

Stanley Cup was a best of five series and they were playing a team that was much bigger and more experienced than they were.

It was a bruising battle, but they prevailed and they won the championship.

The Stanley Cup on the Seattle home Ice America had its first Stanley Cup winner.

The Metropolitans played in an era of growth, but they also played in an era that presented challenges.

In 1916, there was the great Seattle Blizzard, which delayed games and messed up the schedule.

In 1919, there was the general strike.

In 1919, the metropolitans went back again to compete for the Stanley Cup against the Montreal Canadians, but they faced an even greater opponent this time, and that was the Spanish influenza epidemic.

Millions of people were dying all over the world and during the Stanley Cup series, five of the Canadian players had to go to the hospital and one died and the series was canceled.

In the era of the metropolitan's rise, there were other challenges.

World War I was on the brink of happening.

In fact, within days of winning the Stanley Cup in 1917, the United States entered the war.

Seattle had found its sports groove, but the world was a mess.

Metropolitans continued to play well.

In fact, they went back to compete for the Stanley Cup in 1920, though they lost to Ottawa.

However, things came to an abrupt halt when they were in their prime.

In 1924, the Olympic Hotel decided that they needed a parking garage, and they converted the state-of-the-art ice arena into that garage.

The Metropolitans lost a place to play and the team vanished for fans of big league sports in Seattle.

The story of the Metropolitans has been a kind of missing link in our history.

Now with the NHL, once again on the city's horizon, perhaps the fans and the players can take inspiration from the team that brought home Seattle's first world championship.

The Pacific Northwest has had many symbols, the salmon, the orca, the iconic mountains, even Sasquatch.

But at one time there was a more humble symbol, something ubiquitous.

It represented change, frustration, hope, and pride.

Let's remember our northwest roots with the tree stump known for its forests.

The northwest had appeal for its moderate climate and fertile lands.

Indigenous people had been cultivating crops and game with periodic burnings to promote the growth of berries, Camus root and oak prairies.

But when settlers poured into the region, they were dazzled by the forests, which they fell upon to chop down, to build with and for lumber to sell.

Cleared areas for cultivation were comparatively scarce.

So homesteaders sought to raise the forest for farming and grazing land, but that often left them with fields of stumps, massive stumps, endless stumps.

These rugged allotments were called stump farms.

You know those souvenir postcards showing giant fruit or potatoes or ears of corn on flat cars?

They were a joking way to show off a region's pride in its abundance.

Here we didn't need fake photos, real photos of real trees and their stumps showed With a pioneer class faced trees so big they could only be filled one or two stories above the ground by loggers with whipsaws and axes standing on springboards.

You could still see some of those springboard notches on old growth stumps.

Today, the logs and stumps from mammoth furs, spruce and cedars became trophies of pioneer era industriousness.

While we might weep over these fallen giants today, postcards and images once featured people standing next to filled big timber, much like someone might pose with a record size fish.

As forest came down fast fields of stumps couldn't easily be removed.

What do you do with the stumps of trees so huge and so deeply rooted in the soil?

You could burn them, you could dig, chop and pry them out or haul on them.

With horse and oxen, some took a shorter route.

Dynamite exploding stump could be dangerous.

Dexter Horton, a Seattle pioneer, an early banker is said to have stopped by a stump being burned.

He decided to warm himself by the fire when an unexploded shell from the US Navy warship Decatur, it was apparently lodged in the stump, exploded and knocked him down.

Perhaps a lesson was learned.

He later built a fireproof bank that survived the great Seattle fire of 1889.

Stumps were not unusual in growing frontier cities.

Portland was nicknamed Stump Town During its expansion in the mid 18 hundreds, Portlanders are said to have hopped from stump to stump to avoid the mushy rain soak ground if need be, and geniusly some found uses for the larger stumps.

One in the Olympic peninsula's Elwa country was turned into a post office in the 1890s.

Another in Tacoma's Wright Park had stairs installed and became a kind of observation platform, a kind of early space needle.

People danced on stumps, played music on stumps, performed acrobatics and posed for family photos on stumps near Olympia, some enterprising guys turned a giant stump into a barn for their livestock.

Massive cedar stumps often had hollow or soft interiors at the base.

Why let them go to waste?

Why not carve out some space and move in?

In Vancouver, BC, someone built a three room stump house much easier than throwing up a log cabin.

The most famous stump dwelling was the Edgecomb house in Snohomish County near Arlington, Washington.

It was hollowed out by the Lindstrom family, Swedish immigrants who moved west.

They put a roof on, installed a window, a stove.

They used it as a temporary home until they could build a more permanent one.

Photographers including the prolific Darius Kinzie took pictures of it and they sold as postcards.

You could say that in the early 20th century, the Edgecomb stump house went viral.

It was eventually dismantled and lost to old age.

There's still a stump house in Arlington though that stands at the Squamish Valley Pioneer Museum.

A spectacular kind of stump house was shown at the Pan-American exposition in Buffalo in 1901.

It was a hollowed out fur from Everett that stood 10 feet high, 13 and a half feet in diameter and could hold 65 people.

The scale dazzled visitors who learned that Washington boasted of inexhaustible forests even more exotic, was a multi-story.

Stump house with a spiral staircase planned for the 19 nine Alaska Yukon Pacific Exposition in Seattle.

It was never built but offered a kitchen porch, living room fireplace, and of course cedar flooring along with the old fashioned woodsy fragrance of pioneer days.

Alaska such fares often promise more than they deliver, so there are no flying cars yet to travel to your luxury stump household.

Back in the day, a shorthand way to say the northwest was a remarkable place was to feature a stump so big you could live in it.

A stump house could make our rainy region seem habitable, even cozy as if we were snug.

Hobbits tucked into a landscape of forest giants even while we were chopping them down.

Today we're gonna talk about something to eat.

We're gonna talk about a delicacy that fed prospectors in California and laggers in Washington.

It became a major industry, but it was so tiny that you could hold it between your fingers.

Meet the mighty Olympia oyster in the moss Stan.

In the mid 19th century, America was experiencing an oyster mania.

Oysters were abundant back east and on the Gulf coast.

People were eating oyster pies, roasted oysters, oyster stuffing oysters of all kinds.

As people moved out west, particularly those who followed the Oregon trail, they had to make do with a diet of heart attack and beans.

But when they got to the West coast, they found something amazing that pleased their pallets.

It was a native oyster, the only native oyster on the west coast from Puget Sound to Baja California.

Of course, native peoples on the coast had been eating Olympia oysters and clams and other shellfish for thousands of years and left the evidence in old repositories of dining debris we call shell middens.

When the settlers got to the coast, they found vast beds of the native oyster and they dubbed it Olympia or Oles for short.

One of the greatest repositories was on the Pacific coast near Long Beach called Shoalwater Bay, now called Bay.

It was a calm water estuary and it was a utopia for Olympia oysters.

Oyster V is there and it came by its name very honestly, Northwesterners not only eight Olympia oysters, they sold Olympia oysters.

The California gold rush was in full swing and California could not meet the demand for oysters.

They shoveled them alive out of Shoalwater Bay.

They put them in barrels or sacks, moistened them so they would stay alive, put them on a ship and sent them to San Francisco where they were enormously popular.

In fact, we know that Mark Twain during his San Francisco period was a great Oly fan.

90% of the oysters consumed during the gold rush came from Washington territory.

The oysters soon became ubiquitous in the West with the coming of the railroads, they could be shipped to places like Denver, Butte, Spokane, every saloon, high or low, fancy or not served fresh oysters along with whiskey and beer.

In 1885, a group of Presbyterian church women in Portland, Oregon published the very first Northwest cookbook called The Web Foot Cookbook, and in it, it contained a single recipe relating to a native species of the region, and that was a recipe for fried Olympia oysters.

It was stuck between a recipe for devil crab and Holland Day sauce for salmon.

The recipe is very simple.

You take about half a dozen Olympia oysters, you pat them into a little patty, gush them all together.

You then roll them in some fresh egg with salt and pepper.

You then put it in some breadcrumbs and fry it in a pan.

The recipe recommended that it be served with cold slaw, which we know today as cole slaw.

So we tried the recipe in the moss back den.

Here are fried oyster patties.

You can see some fresh Olympia oysters on the half shell.

You can see how small they are.

We have our cold slaw here.

They did by the 1880s.

You could make or get mayonnaise and you could also get fresh lemons from California.

Here I go.

Hmm, that really is good.

Gonna take one of these little ies.

Hmm.

Oh, that's good.

The Olympia oysters were so popular that they soon began to run out.

One problem was overharvesting, another problem was loss of habitat.

Another problem was they took a long time to grow and they just didn't grow fast enough for the market.

By the beginning of the 20th century, Olympia oysters had pretty much declined as a main oyster food substance and had been replaced by imported oysters that were then grown in Washington waters.

Often if you see oysters growing on rocks when you're down at the beach, they're not the native Olympia.

They're from Japan and they've just kind of taken over and some oyster companies grow them to this day, and you can go down and you can get a fresh Olympia oyster if you want.

They're tiny.

They're strongly flavored.

They have a kind of coppery flavor, a metallic flavor, which some people like and some people don't, but believe me, they carry the sort of briny goodness of the seed.

If you like oysters, I'm gonna use an old beer ad slogan.

You owe yourself an olive.

In 1962, A Seattle space age World's Fair was launching a column in the Seattle Post Intelligencer called a man named Rainy Picardo, the last of Seattle's own farmers.

In the era of Boeing and Century 21, it was anachronistic to see a city dweller sitting atop a tractor amid postwar residential sprawl.

Half a century ago, city farms where the urban dodo bird that is until Picard's farm became the phoenix of a new era in urban agriculture.

The Picardo family had immigrated from a hill town north of Naples, Italy in the 1890s and starting in South Park had farmed in Seattle for decades.

Their last farm was in north Seattle.

They grew lettuce, cabbage, radishes, celery, turnip, spinach, beans, and other veggies, which the Picardo sold at the Pike Place market.

During prohibition, they buried their crop of homemade wine and jugs in their field to hide it from the authorities.

By the mid 1960s, the farm wasn't paying anymore.

It was doubly difficult with development nibbling at the edges and taxes rising there.

Once 30 acre plot was whittled down to a few acres, the best option seemed to be to sell.

In the early 1970s, rescue came in the form of an idea.

Could the farm, or at least part of it, be repurposed to grow food for the needy and teach children to garden?

The idea came from one of Picard's Wedgwood neighbors, Darland de Boca.

The struggles of local farmers were top of mind.

In 1971, voters were being asked to pass a citizens initiative to save the Pike Place market from a massive city approved redevelopment scheme, which would likely have destroyed the city's longstanding farm to table system.

Seattle was also still feeling the impact of the 1970 Boeing bust.

Many people needed help during what was at the time the worst economic downturn here since the Great Depression, if ecological consciousness was high, so too were concerns about the wellbeing of fellow Seattleites.

De Boca had noticed the potential of the Picardo property.

Perhaps the fertile land could be preserved.

She approached rainy Picardo who let her use some of the land to start a garden with local children.

Her volunteer project taught kids how to grow their own food, good food too.

Without chemicals or fertilizers.

The crops would be donated to the new local food bank neighbors in need, which was created to help people struggling.

During the Boeing recession, The idea intrigued to then city council candidate John Miller, later a US congressman, and he decided to do something about it if he was elected.

As it turned out he was, and that election was key in Jeffrey Craig Sanders history Seattle and the roots of urban sustainability inventing Ecotopia.

The author writes quote, A revolution in city politics.

During the period of the market preservation battle brought a younger and neighborhood oriented council to power.

In the seventies, Miller was part of that cohort with a new wave and power at City Hall De Boca and her neighbors put together a proposal asking the city council to assist with the experimental gardening program.

The city would lease the picardo acres for a community truck garden and the lease payment less than $700 would cover rainy picard's tax bill.

They envisioned up to 300 plots leased to individuals to raise vegetables, fruit, and flowers.

The co-op would organize the gardeners with help from the parks department and a master gardener.

In March of 1973, the city council approved the plan for a 10 month trial.

The gardener was called a pea patch.

Pea stood for picardo.

Demand for plots was strong.

By 1974, there were more than 2,500 people working in 750 plots in 10 patches around the city.

To celebrate Ricardo's pea patches hosted a vegetarian feed for city officials in hopes of getting good publicity and encouraging renewal of the program.

The mayor and council members dined on corn, zucchini bread, borsch broccoli, pumpkin pie, and dandelion tea all made with ingredients from the pioneer pea patch.

The city eventually bought Picard's 2.5 acres.

The pea patches have since proliferated.

There are now some 90 pea patches in virtually every quarter of the city, including downtown and in public housing.

If Seattle is a city of neighborhoods, the pea patches help bind them in his book, neighborhood Power Building Community, the Seattle Way, the former head of the Department of Neighborhoods, Jim Deeres wrote Gardeners organized concerts, barbecues, art shows, plant sales, and other public events in their pea patch that also strengthen the sense of community pea patches.

He said, cultivate communities.

Historian Sanders wrote that the pea patch was the first of many creative countercultural experiments in liberating land from the market, building smaller, decentralized community context and educating the public about organic produce and the ideas of ecology.

As a result, these gardens have shaped the city what we grow and what we eat for the last half century.

That's a large legacy for a small plot of family farmland in Wedgewood.

- I'm Steven Hague joining Knut Berger here in the Moss back den.

We'll be back with more of the very best of Moss backs northwest in just a few minutes.

Here on Cascade PBS right now, we're asking you to take this opportunity to stand up and make a crucial investment in the programs you and so many in our community rely on.

The best way to make a difference is to donate to Cascade PBS.

It's easy.

You can contribute online by visiting cascade pbs.org/support moba or simply call the number or scan the QR code on your screen.

Your gift today will help preserve our region's diverse history and make Moss back's northwest accessible to everyone in the northwest.

Our largest source of funding comes from those in our community, so your gift really does make a difference.

You can make a one-time gift or choose our most popular option and become a Cascade PBS sustainer with an ongoing monthly gift of $7 a month, your investment of just a few dollars each month will help fund great local programs like Moss Back's Northwest Nick on the rocks and out and back for the next season and beyond.

And when you give today, you'll receive some great one of a kind thank you gifts including our weekly Mossback Den newsletter, this limited edition mossback mug, and a special invitation to the member reception at the annual Mossback event.

An evening with Moss Back's northwest.

There you can see Cano Berger live in person and hear more remarkable stories about the making of this show.

Just like we're doing today, as someone who's both hosted and attended previous Moss back events, I might be a little biased, but these events are just so much fun and a great way to further explore the amazing rich history of this region.

Pick up the phone or go online and make your donation right now.

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- Thank you for joining us for the very best of Moss Back's Northwest.

Your contribution today will deliver treasured cascade PBS programs to you, your family and your community, and we have some incredible moss backs Northwest thank you gifts for your support when you donate $7 a month or $84 annually.

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And one you can only find here at Cascade PBS.

Donate $10 a month or $120 annually and you'll receive a special invitation to a members only reception at the annual Moss Back's Northwest event.

You'll see moba himself, Knut Berger in person, and learn even more about the upcoming season of the series and get behind the scenes insights into the making of the show.

Your membership also includes the weekly Mossback Den newsletter with special updates about the show, local history features, and knuts answers to your questions.

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Donate at the $180 level or $15 a month and you'll get it all the limited edition Mossback campfire mug.

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Donate now at cascade pbs.org/support moba.

Call the number on your screen or scan the QR code with your phone's camera.

Thank you.

- Hi Knu, always good to be here.

I really loved the show about oysters.

Well, I love oysters.

Where did that idea come from?

Tell me about it.

- Well, I was curious because you can get just about any kind of oyster here.

You go to Oyster Bar and there are big lists of oysters, but there's only one native oyster, and that was big industry back in the 19th century.

People came out from the east coast and here was this delicious little oyster, tiny, they named it Tiny Oyster.

Yes.

And they called it an Olympia oyster and this became the basis of this huge trade in oysters, but they almost died out just too popular.

They were too popular.

They were shipping them to places like San Francisco, which was a burgeoning city, and people like Mark Twain were in gorging on Olympia oysters from the northwest - And the fact that the trade is intertwined with transportation, shipping, railroads, how could you ship a barrel of fresh oysters to San Francisco and have them be fresh?

- Yeah, exactly.

You could do that in couple of days in a barrel on a ship, but if you wanted to get oysters back to Chicago, you needed refrigeration and trains and that kind of thing.

So - Yeah, - It was - A big industry.

Another great story, especially because Seattle is frenzied with hockey with the arrival of the Kraken, but so many people don't know about the first Stanley Cup.

- Well, this has always been kind of a trivia question, which was, you know, when did Seattle win its first World Champion Sports Trophy?

And you know, people think, well, you know, the Sonics won the championship.

You know it was the Seattle Metropolitans in 1917 and they, they were a fantastic team that played.

They beat the Montreal Canadians and people don't really realize that we had a real hockey culture here back in that era.

- Thank you for watching.

The very best of Moss back's northwest on Cascade PBS To support this series and more great local programs donate to Cascade PBS today.

When you donate $7 a month or $84 annually, you'll receive a limited edition Mossback campfire mug with a $10 monthly or $120 per year.

You'll get the mug and invitation to the members only reception at the annual Moss Back's Northwest event and the Mossback Den newsletter.

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Receive the limited edition mug, the invitation to the members only reception at the annual Mossback event and weekly updates and special features in the Mossback End Newsletter.

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Donate now at cascade pbs.org/support mossback or call us or scan the code on your screen.

Thank you for watching and for making Moss back's northwest possible.

On Cascade PBS.

- I wanna take a moment to remind you that when you make an impactful gift today, we have some wonderful ways of thanking you, including this limited edition metal campfire mug featuring the MOSSBACK logo, a great gift for yourself or any other MOSSBACK fans in your life, and you can only find them here at Cascade PBS.

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Since it's founding in 1851, Seattle has played host to some of the most intriguing phenomena of the 20th and 21st centuries.

Here's a look at just a few of them.

Seattle was ideally suited during prohibition, that is to violate prohibition, a major port that could smuggle in goods from the Pacific, a seaboard with Canada that turned Puget sound into a bootlegging turnpike of fast and stealthy boats and an eager populace in an open town, a diverse town too with all kinds of appetites.

You've heard of bathtub gin and stills turning out cheap whiskey, but have you ever heard of the northwest sake?

Moonshiners, Washington went dry before the rest of the nation.

Booze was restricted by 1916.

In 1919, national prohibition went into effect and lasted until 1933.

Saloon shut down, breweries closed or like distillers.

During the recent pandemic that turned to making hand sanitizer.

They began making non-alcoholic products, but Seattle's thirst would not remain Unquenched.

There was a large population of men gambling joints and a sex trade fueled by loggers, fishermen, minor sailors, sawmill workers, and others.

Bribes to members of long corrupt Seattle Police Department helped lubricate a system that allowed illegal boosts to flow, and some cops were even part of organized bootlegging gangs.

The underground economy wasn't just for the rich who drank in their private clubs.

It flourished in places like Pioneer Square, Japantown Chinatown and Jackson Street, longstanding places where many seattleites went to sin, and it fed entrepreneurs who took to making moonshine on a grand scale for different markets with their own hidden stills and breweries.

Some scholars believe that prohibition was largely a movement of a white Protestant middle class to control the working class and immigrants and people of color, especially in growing urban areas.

One flourishing moonshine sector catered to the Japanese community where elicit sake was sold to quench the thirst of towns with large Japanese populations like Seattle, Tacoma, Vancouver, BC, and Spokane.

In his landmark book on the first generation of Japanese in the northwest Es author Kazuo Ito talked about Japan town's gambling clumps like the Toyo.

Wherever there were ise, there were Saki women in gambling.

He wrote clubs like the Toyo paid a price to the police to stay open about a thousand dollars a month.

That's a lot.

In 1920s dollars for that generation sake was not only a traditional drink for Shinto rituals or special occasions, it was the beverage of choice for social recreation, especially among the abundance of cannery boys and sawmill workers who were encouraged to drink and gamble on payday eat O rights.

The greatest number of Japanese in Seattle at that time were employed as laborers sake, is called wine, but it is actually brewed from especially milled white rice and transformed with a fungus called Koji, which is also used in making staples like miso and soy sauce.

By prohibition, California had a thriving commercial rice growing industry in the Sacramento Valley.

In other words, sake ingredients were readily available.

In addition, a hard liquor called shochu could also be distilled from saki ingredients with the addition of other things like sweet potatoes or barley.

Such a drink was sometimes referred to as Japanese whiskey.

The process of saki brewing can be elaborate with many steps.

Illegal saki was often made in outlying rural areas away from the prying eyes of the city's dry squad consisting of officers who raided with axes and smashed and confiscated what they found, some operations were large.

A rice whiskey operation was busted by the feds between Elli Cemetery and Edmonds in 1918.

That was the largest ever discovered in the area.

Confiscated were an elaborate still 3000 pounds of rice and laundry and garbage containers designed to conceal the booze in a delivery truck arrayed by Seattle dry squatters in 1919 at a Ravenna truck garden resulted in the arrests of four Japanese men with a 500 gallon mash tub and bottles labeled grape juice.

The breweries and stills had to be hidden, but so too their points of distribution In Seattle's international district, a bust at fifth and Maynard resulted in 2000 gallons of sake and rice whiskey being seized, but one of the men escaped through a secret underground passage.

A rooming house on King Street had attached their sinks, faucets to two 20 gallon copper bats of moonshine and sake, hot and cold running booze.

It was detected because when the police raided, the landlady had left the faucet on Seattle celebrated when prohibition ended, but some people had to reacquaint themselves with the beverages.

Ido quotes, a Japanese cafe owner saying the demand for beer after the repeal of prohibition was intense at the Jackson Cafe in the IDs Bush Hotel.

Despite prohibition, though, people hadn't lost their taste for their traditional rice-based beverage sake endured as a cultural touchstone.

It was even brewed in secret in the barracks of the internment camps of World War ii, where West Coast Japanese American citizens were imprisoned.

It helped to keep spirit and culture alive despite hard times and oppression.

One of the Northwest's greatest mysteries is about a skyjacker who called himself Dan Cooper, more widely known as DB Cooper.

On November 24th, 1971, Thanksgiving Eve Cooper threatened to blow up a Boeing 7 27 bound from Portland to Seattle unless he was paid $200,000 in $20 bills.

He sipped from a bourbon and soda got the money and some parachutes then jumped into history.

To my mind, his outrageous crime is not even the most odd thing about his story to this day, no one knows who DB Cooper was.

The navy he gave for his airline ticket was Dan.

The name DB was said to be a media mistake, but it stuck.

For the last 50 years, people have been trying to find Cooper, not unlike Bigfoot hunters.

People have fingered their relatives and neighbors.

Deathbed confessions have been made more than 800 suspects examined by the FBI.

There are many theories but no definitive db.

Let's quickly retrace the crime Cooper, whoever he was, bought a single one-Way ticket from Portland to Seattle for $20.

On Northwest Orient flight 3 0 5.

On the plane, he slipped a note to the stewardess saying he had a bomb in his briefcase.

This is back before airlines checked for such things, seeing what looked like a bomb.

The flight attendant conveyed to the captain that the man in his mid forties, a medium height and build with brown eyes and a black suit, wanted the airline to cough up 200 K, refuel the plane and fly him to Mexico City.

He wanted two parachutes with two reserve shoots just in case why It's thought that he wanted the authorities to think he might jump with a hostage so they wouldn't sabotage the shoots.

The 7 27 landed in Seattle and the passengers and some of the crew were let off.

The money was brought on board along with a parachutes, and the plane took off with a refueling stop planned for Reno, Nevada Cooper insisted they fly no higher than 10,000 feet.

The remaining stewardess on board showed Cooper how to lower the aircraft's rear stairway.

Then she left the cabin for the safety of the cockpit, leaving Cooper alone.

When they landed in Reno Cooper, a shoot, its backup the bomb and the money were gone.

The hijacker had jumped mid-flight somewhere between Seattle and Reno.

He left his clip on tie behind a massive manhunt and sued with focus on southwestern Washington.

It was theorized that Cooper must have been a former paratrooper or military man.

Even an airline employee searchers scoured the woods for his shoot and loot or his body.

It was speculated that he went splat jumping at night in high winds during a thunderstorm with cloud cover so he couldn't see the ground.

He could have landed in the deep forest or the Columbia River.

After the jump, the rest of us were left looking for answers.

The FBI kept the case open, running down tips and leads.

In 1980, a boy digging a fire pit on the Columbia River Beach on the Washington side at a place called Tina Barr dug up $5,800 in ratty deteriorating $20 bills whose serial numbers matched those on DB's ransom money.

The money was still bound in rubber bands.

Cooper was a mainstay on the FBI's most wanted list, but in 2016, they announced that they were focusing their energies on other priorities, but he's still a wanted man.

If Cooper landed safely and if he's still alive, he'd be in his mid nineties by now.

If he came forward, he'd be flush in celebrity and facing his twilight years in Club Fed.

To me, the oddest thing about the DB Cooper case is the public response to it.

After Cooper's, there were at least two dozen hijackings that featured copycat demands for ransom and parachutes.

So while some people wanted to catch DB Cooper, many others dreamed of being DB Cooper back in 1971 when people first heard about him, he actually had a great deal of public sympathy.

Only four days after the hijacking, an article in the Seattle Times collected the thoughts of what the person on the street in Seattle thought about the crime.

A taxi driver told the papers reporter, you've gotta admit, he was clever the way I see it.

Anybody smart enough to take $200,000 just like that ought to make a clean getaway?

An army private said, I hope he isn't caught.

Such comments come with the context.

The early 1970s were still largely the 1960s.

Seattle was racked with the Boeing recession, anti-war protests and bombings around the world.

Sky jackings had become somewhat commonplace.

More than 130 American planes were hijacked.

Between 1968 and 1972, president Richard Nixon was reelected, but the Watergate scandal was gestating wars hot and cold rage.

Social tul had become a norm.

Youth Rebellion was still in full flower hippies abounded and DB Cooper, despite his dapper black suit and clip on tie, cool shades and a taste for bourbon and soda, the guy who pulled off a spectacular heist without anyone else being killed by a bomb or an overzealous SWAT team somehow embodied for many a cool anti-establishment rebel that many ordinary folks could envy.

And like any great performer, DB Cooper made a dramatic and memorable exit that we're still talking about half a century later.

Why am I wearing a fur hat, a scarf and gloves?

Well, it does get chilly in Seattle, but it's not just about the weather.

Some say Seattle lights are too cold, too distant, too unwelcoming.

Is that true?

Or just another Seattle myth?

Either way, I'm dressed for the Seattle freeze.

But what is the Seattle freeze?

It depends on who you ask, but it goes something like this.

You move to Seattle, people are friendly, they say hello, they nod, but do your new friends ever invite you over to dinner?

If you invite them over for a potluck or a barbecue, will they come?

Do your new coworkers wanna hang out with you on the weekend?

Or is social distancing just a way of life in Seattle, even without the pandemic, a writer once described the Seattle freeze as the flip side of Seattle.

Nice.

Welcome to Seattle.

Now please go away.

Everyone acknowledges that there's some kind of truth in this.

And so the question is, what exactly is the Seattle freeze and what causes it?

There are a number of theories.

One is ethnicity.

The British expatriate writer, Jonathan Raven, said it had to do with Seattle's Scando Asian Reserve.

Some blame the weather, especially the rain, which keeps us cocoon from October through January and tends to breed broody tendencies in the population.

Something that has to do with our live and let live philosophy.

Your business is your business.

My business is my business.

We'll all get along if we just give each other enough space.

Some think it's a manifestation of our famed passive aggressiveness.

We won't really say we don't wanna be around you, but you'll know.

So how long has the Seattle freeze been around?

I got curious about this and began digging around in old newspaper archives.

And what I discovered is it's at least a hundred years old.

You have to go back to the period around World War I. Seattle was growing like crazy.

Prices were unaffordable.

The town was full of new people jostling for position.

There were high rents, labor unrest, and the Spanish flu was raging.

People were practicing social distancing and you couldn't even get a drink.

It was prohibition in Seattle tough times.

In April of 1920, a glad hander from the Chamber of Commerce named Arthur Priest decided to tackle the problem of Seattle's sociability.

He decided to start a talk to your neighbor Day in which Seattleites were supposed to talk to strangers and make nice.

The Seattle Times reported Seattle people have been accused of being too cold and distant.

It's being charged that old time.

Seattle residents are not inclined to converse with people who share their seats on the street cars, strangers in the city maintain that their polite inquiry regarding the probability it will rain tomorrow is usually met with a grunt.

A headline on that story, red Seattle expects to thaw out, talk to your neighbor.

Day appears to have been a flop.

There was very little press coverage of what people said to one another that day.

It was never repeated again by the Chamber of Commerce or anyone else.

And Arthur Priest, well, he moved presumably to a friendlier city.

So did Seattle warm up after that?

The answer's no.

Another cold spell appeared at the beginning of another war, world War ii.

In 1942, a woman, Helen Markley Miller, moved to Seattle for wartime work.

What she found was a city full of new people, unaffordable housing, unfriendly people.

She blasted Seattle in her newspaper stories about how unfriendly and unhelpful the locals were.

Quote, Seattle as a word, may have a musical sound, a lilt of its own to all you elder residents, but to me it is an Indian word, meaning fuey.

She said the city lacked affordable housing.

The old timers were clubby and the city was run by smug burgers.

Sounds familiar, doesn't it?

There's a huge spike in population affordability goes out the window when lots of newcomers come to town.

It is grumpy time.

One local said of hell and Markley Miller's criticism.

We were nice, peaceful town.

And then it changed.

Who changed it you guys?

This area was once covered with 3000 feet of solid ice.

When the ice sheet left thousands of years ago, it carved what we know as the Puget Sound region.

Perhaps it left something behind though a chip on our cold shoulders.

- Hi, I'm Steven Hague in the Mossback Den with none other than Mossback himself.

Cano Berger, thank you for joining us for the very best of Moss Back's northwest.

Do stay with us.

There's more of this special coming in just a moment.

But first I wanna remind you that now is the perfect time to show your support from Mos SBAs northwest and Cascade PBS by contributing today.

Your gift will ensure the preservation of our community's diverse history and will make MOS SBAs northwest and programs like it accessible to everyone in our region now and for the upcoming season, you can become a monthly sustainer or make an annual contribution.

The choice is yours.

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The very best of Moss back's northwest on Cascade PBS.

To support this series and more great local programs donate to Cascade PBS today.

When you donate $7 a month or $84 annually, you'll receive a limited edition Mossback campfire mug with a $10 monthly or $120 per year.

You'll get the mug and invitation to the members only reception at the annual Moss Back's Northwest event and the Mossback Den newsletter.

You can enjoy it all with your gift of $15 monthly or $180 per year.

Receive the limited edition mug, the invitation to the members only reception at the annual mossback event and weekly updates and special features in the Mossback End Newsletter.

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Donate now at cascade pbs.org/support.

Moss back or call us or scan the code on your screen.

Thank you for watching and for making Moss PAC's northwest possible Cascade PBS - Canoe.

One of my favorite stories in this segment is this show about DB Cooper, but it has been covered so many times.

It's the story gift that keeps on giving.

How did you want to cover it differently?

- Well, two things.

One, you're right.

I mean, not a month goes by, but there's a new DB Cooper story.

Somebody thinks they found out who he was, it was, or they have a new piece of evidence or whatever.

So it's, it's like the ultimate treasure hunt.

The other thing I wanted to talk about is making the episode because this episode, you are present in this episode in a way that you rarely are in episodes.

Your hands are pouring the bermin and soda.

Your hands are straightening what looks like DB Cooper's tie.

But you also were able to find 2 7 20 sevens that we needed.

We needed two planes.

There's one at the Museum of Flight that showed like the perfect interior of a 1970s era, but it, the stairway that lowered down, which DB Cooper used to jump out of the plane didn't work on that one.

So I had to find another one.

Yes.

So we went up to Everett and there was a a 7 27 at a school up there and it had a working stairway and so we were able to get that into the video.

So you were very enterprising in terms of pulling that whole thing together so we could give people a sense of what it was - Like.

And what's funny about that stairway is you had to pump it back up.

It's not like it had a hydraulic switch that would just go, you had, there's a pump and you had to pump the whole - Thing back up.

Well, and after DB Cooper, they put a special wind block on the thing so you couldn't lower it in flight like that.

Called the Cooper flap.

The Cooper flap.

- Thank you for joining us for the very best of Moss Back's Northwest.

Your contribution today will deliver treasured Cascade PBS programs to you, your family and your community.

And we have some incredible moss back's, Northwest thank you gifts for your support when you donate $7 a month or $84 annually.

We'll thank you with a limited edition and enamel campfire mug featuring the Moss Back logo, A great gift for yourself or any other MOSSBACK fans in your life.

And one you can only find here at Cascade PBS.

Donate $10 a month or $120 annually and you'll receive a special invitation to a members only reception at the annual Moss Back's Northwest event.

You'll see Mossback himself, Canute er in person, and learn even more about the upcoming season of the series and get behind the scenes insights into the making of the show.

Your membership also includes the weekly Mossback Den newsletter with special updates about the show, local history features, and Knuts answers to your questions.

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Donate at the $180 level or $15 a month and you'll get it all the limited edition Mossback Campfire mug.

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Donate now at cascade pbs.org/support mossback.

Call the number on your screen or scan the QR code with your phone's camera.

Thank you.

- We're just about to head back to the next segment of the very best of Moss Back's northwest.

Coming up, we'll explore key figures from our region's past, including the artist Emily Carr, a leading figure in Canadian modernism.

Don't go away.

There's still time for you to positively impact your community by donating to Cascade PBS.

We have some great gifts as thanks for your support, including this limited edition Moss back mug.

And when you support Cascade PBS, you'll not only get those fantastic gifts, but you'll also get that special feeling that you've made a real difference.

If you've already made that call or made your gift online or by scanning the QR code on the screen, thank you.

Your donation right now is an investment in programs that enrich your life and everyone in your community with rising program costs.

It's critical that Cascade PBS meet the big challenges that lie ahead with strong resources.

Your donation today helps keep the tradition of lifelong learning and exploration alive and ensures the programs you count on will be here for you in the future.

Take a look.

- Thank you for watching.

The very best of Moss Back's northwest on Cascade PBS.

To support this series and more great local programs donate to Cascade PBS today.

When you donate $7 a month or $84 annually, you'll receive a limited edition Mossback campfire mug with a $10 monthly or $120 per year.

You'll get the mug and invitation to the members only reception at the annual Moss Back's Northwest event and the Mossback Den newsletter.

You can enjoy it all with your gift of $15 monthly or $180 per year.

Receive the limited edition mug, the invitation to the members only reception at the annual Mossback event and weekly updates and special features in the End newsletter.

You'll also receive our most popular member benefit Cascade PBS passport, where you can stream your favorite programs on demand.

Donate now at cascade pbs.org/support mossback or call us or scan the code on your screen.

Thank you for watching and for making Moss back's northwest possible.

On Cascade PBS.

- We are just about to head back to the next segment of the very best of Mabas Northwest, but there's still time for you to make a positive impact on your community.

Remember, we have some great thank you gifts for you, including a special invite to the members only reception at this year's annual mossback event.

Access to Cascade PBS Passport, the Mossback Den weekly newsletter, and the campfire mug with Moss Back's iconic profile.

Not to mention the powerful way your donation will fund an essential public service and the programs you love.

And if you've already made that call or made your gift online, we can't thank you enough.

Your donation right now is an investment in all that we provide for you and your community.

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Everything this station does is on your behalf and it matters so very much for everyone who lives here in the Pacific Northwest.

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PBS Enjoy.

- The early 20th century has been called the heroic age of polar exploration by ship dog team, aircraft, and on foot explorers sought the ends of the earth.

And what's little remembered now is the role Seattle and the Pacific Northwest played in the polar probing that dramatically changed our understanding of the planet.

One man in particular sought aid rest in repair money and moral support here.

And he left clues about that legacy and artifacts that remained like the snowshoes of the greatest polar explorer of all time.

Who was he and why was he here today?

Climate change is opening arctic waters as ice melts, but it wasn't always.

So finding a water route through the far north was long a goal for explorers and colonizers.

Explorers like Captain James Cook of Britain, came to the northwest seeking the legendary northwest passage, a northern sea route rumored to link the Atlantic and Pacific Empires hungered for the trade.

Such a passage would bring they sailed until they were stymied and sometimes crushed by the ice.

The loss of an expedition led by the British Navy, sir John Franklin, who was seeking the northwest passage, spurred more exploration.

Franklin and his crew entered and then vanished into a forbidding icy realm In 1845, search parties for his ships and crew were unsuccessful, but they extended geographic knowledge.

Franklin's Quest and fate inspired a 15-year-old Norwegian boy to find answers his name rolled Ahmanson.

In the early 19 hundreds, Ahmanson was part of a new generation of explorers that was determined to conquer the ice.

He dreamed of traversing the northwest passage by ship and eventually he found a way Norway wanted to assert its rights to northern lands and shape a new national identity.

And these ambitions fueled Amundsen's Drive.

From 1903 to 1906, Ahmanson led an expedition going by boat, a converted herring boat called the Goya from Greenland through northern Canada to Alaska, it took patients requiring this small craft to be locked in ice as it inched its way across.

When the Goya emerged after two winters in ice, Ahmanson became the first to have navigated the passage by boat.

Ahmanson returned triumphant in Seattle where he was fitted by the large Scandinavian community.

The Seattle Times compared his achievement to those of Sir John Franklin and Sir Francis Drake.

That success stoked Amin's ambitions.

He headed south and became the first to reach the South Pole in 1911 and attained global celebrity.

He then headed north again this time in a vessel the mon built to withstand the ice.

He hoped that the ice flows would take his ship to the North Pole, but instead he successfully navigated the northeast passage across Siberia, only the third person to have done so.

The mod became a kind of multi-year floating laboratory, taking scientific readings.

At one point the mod came to Seattle for repairs and refitting after its propellers were damaged by the ice.

Ahmanson stayed in Seattle for six months.

He met a local Danish American businessman, Hako Hammer, who became his business manager.

Ahmanson was a spender and had to raise vast sums for his expeditions.

When the mod went back north to Alaska in 1922, Seattle gave Amundsen's a hero sendoff from a dock near what is now the Olympic sculpture park.

Amon had used his time in Seattle to outfit for a new era of Arctic exploration with modern technology.

Onboard the mod were two new airplanes in crates.

Amon intended to pioneer the Arctic from the air he wanted to fly from Alaska to Pittsburgh.

And in Norway, the two planes, a Curtis and a junkers had neither the range nor strength to survive the rigors of Arctic exploration.

So Ahmanson raised funds and later returned with bigger, better airplanes, flying boats to try another transpo flight.

But that expedition had to be abandoned after crash landing on the ice.

And it turned out hammer's.

Business management had driven amundson into bankruptcy.

Undeterred amundson sought to fly north via even newer technology.

He teamed up with the Italian airship innovator, Umberto Nobile to fly to the North Pole in a Durg bowl with a Norwegian crew, American financing from Explorer, Lincoln Ellsworth, and a team of Italian mechanics.

In 1926, the airship left Spitsbergen and in just 17 hours traversed the poll, given serious questions raised about the accuracy of Robert Perry and Frederick Cook's accounts of reaching the pole on foot and Richard Bird's flight over it.

It now appears that Ahmanson and company weren't just the first to float an airship over the North Pole, but in fact the first on record to have actually reached it.

The nor fell short of its intended destination of Nome though, and had a hard landing in Alaska.

Still it was a 20th century triumph.

When they returned to civilization, AKA Seattle, they were given a huge welcome.

But the rather dower ahmanson took offense at Nobile and his crew, in part because he thought they were trying to hog the glory, but also because Ahmanson was against fascism and Nobile success was embraced by the Italian dictator, Benito Mussolini.

Some years later, Nobile would try his own Arctic expedition in another airship, but it crashed Ahmanson set out by plane to search for Nole and his lost airmen.

Nole was rescued, but Ahmanson search plane disappeared in the far north and like his hero, Franklin, he's never been found, but relics like these snowshoes at the National Nordic Museum in Ballard.

Help us remember that our region had a role in the adventures of polar explorations.

Greatest hero, few figures, large in northwest lore as Paul Bunion and his big blue ox named Babe.

There are children's books, campfire stories, cartoons, murals, giant Paul bunion, statues, festivals, poems.

There is even a Paul Bunion opera.

Some people say he's a legend, others that he's a fake.

So who was Paul Bunion?

Is he folklore or fake lore for several generations of Northwestern or Paul Bunion was a fixture, a giant ax wielding lager about whom tall tales were told as he turned forest into timber with his ox babe and reshaped America babe's footprints were said to have created Minnesota's 10,000 lakes.

He was said to have dug the Grand Canyon in Washington.

The tale was told that he dug Elliot Bay and with the dirt he built Mount Rainier that he dragged his ex and carved Hood Canal.

In his plaid shirt and wool hat, Paul personified the taming of the wilderness, a big land that needed big Paul and babe to transform it.

The origins of his stories are roughly this.

In the 19th century tales of bunion are said to have originated in Maine and Canada.

He might have been partly based on tales of a rebellious French Canadian lumberjack whose name bong morphed into bunion in English.

As the timber industry moved west, so did Paul.

If his stories were told in logging camps at first he tended to be a minor figure in humorous tales.

Real lumberjack bunkhouse stories tended to be much rougher and Boer, but also focused on physical prowess.

Paul embodied a kind of working class hero, folks who took on big jobs and got them done.

Paul loved the woods, but he loved chopping them down even more.

In the early 20th century, Paul Bunion became a celebrity.

A timber company wrote up some stories about him in a marketing pamphlet In the early 1920s, two Seattle authors James Stevens and Esther Shepherd, published books of bunion tails and Stevens' book became a national bestseller.

Stevens and Shepherd popularized bunion stories as true American literature, and soon writers and poets like Robert Frost and Carl Sandberg and many others seized on him.

Thus bunion entered American popular culture.

Paul's emergence seemed to feed a Euro-American appetite for epic history.

An article in the Seattle PI called Bunion, America's only folklore character, saying that while Scandinavians had dwarves, Germans had gnomes.

The British had elves that Americans now had.

Paul some went further comparing him to Zeus, to Odysseus and King Arthur.

Others were more skeptical.

An editorial in the Oregonian in 1924 said that Paul wasn't a true legend, but quote, whimsical fiction, roughly hued by versatile liars.

In other words, just another bogus character.

In tall tales, scholars of folklore weighed in, contending the folk never really talked about Paul.

It was advertising people, marketers, the timber industry trying to sell an image.

Could it be that Paul was no more mythological than the Michelin tire man or the Jolly Green giant?

One professor who studied actual tales of laggers said bunion was fake lore, not folklore.

An academic debate raged, but the public didn't care.

Paul could be a messenger of America, embodying different ideologies.

The artist of the New Deal era put him in murals.

Socialists claimed him as a representative of the proletariat.

Timber Barons used him to push back against wobblies in the logging camps.

Paul Bunion didn't need a union to overcome problems.

Bunion was exploited as a hero of free enterprise.

While Disney did a cartoon of Paul, he had his own radio series.

More books poured forth.

His name was attached to lager rodeos, Timbertown events.

His image was used to promote good forest management.

Even if Paul and most tales never spared a tree.

For the last hundred years, the bunion story has been unstoppable, but things have changed.

The timber business is mechanized and industrial.

Paul isn't around to deal with climate change and vanishing forests that we're big enough to challenge him.

He and babe tromping on nature is hardly fashionable.

Now, at least one recent story suggests that Paul got tired of cutting trees and retired to Alaska, but he's not done yet.

Popular culture is fluid.

Things morph from one era to the next.

While our environmental consciousness has evolved from Paul's heyday, he's still around in chainsaw art or even popping up to meet Captain America as an avatar of national character in a Marvel comic book.

In many respects, bunion is like the superheroes who followed him more akin to Superman, wonder Woman or Spider-Man who sprang from the minds of artisan writers to capture the public's imagination.

Who decides today what is folk and what is not when we're playing computer games in fantasy realms?

Obsessed with JRR Tolkien as super hero movies, reading graphic novels, surfing from pop culture, meme to meme.

We're creating our own alternate facts and realities on social media.

I suspect Paul and Babe will have a home somewhere in the 21st century.

Paul in his beard and flannel and suspenders might be old fashioned, but he wanders a cultural landscape that is increasingly populated by imaginary beings and events.

Someday he just might be the basis of some kind of cult worships, a bearded plaid shirted being on your screen.

It's just possible you know - Moss backs Northwest is made possible by the generous support of bedrooms and more.

- Today, I'm not talking about history so much as vision.

All of us who live here are influenced and impacted by the remarkable landscapes and forests of the Pacific Northwest.

For some it's a spiritual experience.

This place is alive, it speaks, it vibrates.

Artists have long sought to capture that from the indigenous carvers of Salish and North coast peoples to the mid-century modernists of the so-called Northwest Mystic School like Mark Toby, Morris Graves, Paul Ucci, but there's one artist who captures it like no other.

She's well known in Canada, but less well known in the us.

Her work is unique, original, iconic pause if you will, to appreciate the work of Emily Carr.

Emily Carr was born and raised in colonial Victoria, British Columbia.

She lived from 1871 to 1945 and spent most of her life there.

Although she studied art in San Francisco, London, and Paris, her work was heavily influenced by the art she encountered.

The polls and figures of First nations people, the ISTs of Europe, French Impressionists and German expressionists.

Carr was eccentric, often worked in solitude.

She was a female artist in a profession that was male dominated for a time.

She supported herself running a boarding house.

She walked around Victoria with a pet monkey and assorted other pets in a baby carriage.

She said her hometown Folks were surprised that her years in London had not turned her into a proper English lady.

She had an artistic style that was unique.

Her work has been seen through the critical lenses of feminism, colonialism, Canadian nationalism, romanticism.

She became well-known in Canada for her paintings and for her writing, which had a very specific focus, the damp forests of Vancouver Island and late in life.

From her fifties to her seventies, she entered a phase that was especially powerful.

No one has captured cascadian trees, forests, and skies like Emily Carr as artists.

Georgia O'Keefe is to flowers, Carr is to our trees.

We now know as science has shown us, that forests are vast connected communities that communicate, that cooperate, that can listen, smell, and perhaps even think they have networks of fibers and fungi, a way of sharing resources like water and sunlight.

But before these discoveries, car intuited that web of life and captured it on paper and canvas in her own unique way.

She wrote, I am always asking myself the question, what is it that you are struggling for?

What is that vital thing the woods contain, possess that you want?

Why do you go back and back to the woods?

Unsatisfied, longing to express something that is there.

Her red cedars undulate with life like living muscle.

Her skies and light are complex actors and have vibrancy like a painting by Van Gogh.

The liveness in me loves to feel the liveness in growing things.

She wrote, she felt the connection of things A biographer Doris Shadbolt wrote that Carr had managed to quote, hang on to a vestige of primal spirit affinity with all the forms of creation.

She said Carr had created a Pacific mythos.

Maybe you or people you know also feel that connection when you walk through the rainforest, when you slog through a wetland, skunk cabbage, when you watch the clouds shifting cloaking and parting through the day, many of us feel it, but Carr painted it.

And not only can she link the viewer with nature spirit, she wasn't limited to the idea of pristine nature.

She painted landscapes that were scarred by humans, logged, mindd abused.

She was not afraid to look at a clear cut.

She could find the beauty and energy where trees and sky met gravel pits and stumps.

She could connect where others might only feel sadness.

Mother earth, she mused will hide it away in her ample brown folds and purify and absorb.

Its good bringing it back to usefulness.

Car takes you into the forest.

Dark places too, like moving through multiple drapes into an interior space at once, alive, mysterious, inviting, oppressive.

My father worked on a logging camp survey crew deep in the old growth of the Olympic Peninsula in the 1930s.

At the time, Carr was painting her forest pictures.

He described places that were silent where sound was muffled.

When the forest went quiet, he said, you might spot an indigenous tree burial in the canopy above.

If much of her work captures as one critic put it the trembling luminosity of the sky, she also painted the intensity of the coastal forest that can seem like a living womb or tomb.

Great art is unique but speaks to a larger truth, often feelings that are hard to put into words or images.

Before science uncovered Secrets of Living forests, Emily Carr's paintings captured their essence and their knowing.

- Thank you so much for joining me and canoe today.

For the very best of SBAs northwest, I hope you take this brief break in the program to do something very important.

Make a gift to cascade PBS.

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It's so essential, especially now, your donation will ensure the service you count on will be here for you and your community now and in the future.

It's all made possible through your generous, monthly sustaining or annual one-time donation.

When we talk about sustaining membership, you might wonder what does that really mean?

Well, it's simple.

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You're moving that effort forward, and that's what you do with the monthly contribution to Cascade PBS $7, $10, $20 a month, whatever is right for your budget.

It's easy to set up if you call us or visit us online right now because the programs you count on really do count on you for support.

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Discover great new series.

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The best part you can watch whenever or wherever you want.

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Your support makes these programs possible.

Make your donation now and begin your cascade PBS passport today.

But that's not all.

There are other great mossback thank you gifts when you become a member today.

- Thank you for joining us for the very best of Moss Back's Northwest.

Your contribution today will deliver treasured cascade PBS programs to you, your family and your community.

And we have some incredible moss back's, Northwest thank you gifts for your support when you donate $7 a month or $84 annually.

We'll thank you with a limited edition Enamel campfire mug featuring the Mossback logo, A great gift for yourself or any other Moss back fans in your life.

And one you can only find here at Cascade PBS.

Donate $10 a month or $120 annually and you'll receive a special invitation to a members only reception at the annual Moss Backs Northwest event.

You'll see Moss back himself, Knut Berger in person, and learn even more about the upcoming season of the series and get behind the scenes insights into the making of the show.

Your membership also includes the weekly Mossback Den newsletter with special updates about the show, local history features, and knut's answers to your questions.

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Donate at the $180 level or $15 a month and you'll get it all the limited edition Mossback campfire mug.

An invite to the members only reception at the annual mossback event, the Mossback Den newsletter, cascade PBS Passport and the monthly viewer guide.

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Donate now at cascade pbs.org/support moba.

Call the number on your screen or scan the QR code with your phone's camera.

Thank you.

- Emily Carr is such a fascinating person and I feel that her story is often overlooked.

What drew you to her and her story?

- Well, her work, you know, she's much better known in Canada, certainly in British Columbia where she was from, you know, her heyday was in the thirties and forties.

She was an amazing artist and the Northwest has had a lot of really great modern artists, but I feel like this was less about history and more about somebody who conveys a sense of place that captures just as Van Gogh captured the fields of France, she captures the Northwest forest, the Cascadia, the incredible skies, the incredible red cedars, and they have life in them.

They're vibrant and I've admired her work for a long time.

I've gone up to Canada to see exhibitions of her work.

I have a big Emily car poster in the house and I just wanted to tell her story to an audience that should know more - About her.

It's been fascinating to explore our region's history together today.

This is the impact your donation makes for you and for everyone in our community.

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On Cascade PBS.

- We're about return to our final block of episodes.

We like to call these our curio cabinet choices.

They are popular, interesting episodes that defy easy categorization and therefore are in a class completely unto themselves.

As a Cascade PBS viewer, you are a class completely unto yourself too.

You value the importance of preserving our region's history, of being a lifelong learner and staying informed your dollars.

Make the programs you depend on possible so that you can learn and grow every time you tune in.

You still have time to visit our website, scan the QR code or call the number on your screen and show your support from SBAs Northwest and all the other great local and national programs here on Cascade PBSA reminder, when you make a monthly sustaining gift of $7 or an annual donation of $84, we'll send you this special MOS SBAs Northwest campfire mug.

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And now back to the final segment of the very best of Mabas northwest.

- Where is Seattle?

- In 1962, the British journalist Alistair Cook, you remember him from Masterpiece Theater, came to Seattle to check out the World's Fair.

He came away with conflicting impressions from his trip up the Space Needle, which he said will quote, offer the town citizens a God-like view of the grandeur that begins on the horizon and mocks the rather dreary works of man below the sprawling freight yards and waterfront and miles of junk in secondhand car.

Lots Cook captured the Seattle paradox of those times, an unglamorous city whose main feature was its setting.

This duality is one that Hollywood exploited a gritty city in a pretty place.

The very first Hollywood film shot in Seattle was Tugboat Annie from MGM in the 1930s.

- Talk as if you thought I was an old woman.

- And it gives the feel for the Depression era waterfront and its plucky maritime culture.

- The whole rap whisker son of - A gun, Cinderella Liberty, a 1973 film about a sailor on leave records.

The last years of the Port Town era along First Avenue, the dreary works of man turned out to have some Hollywood appeal in movie after movie from the 1960s through the 1980s, Hollywood used Seattle as a backdrop for crime and car chases Take the Space Needle, which was featured in the 1963 Elvis Presley film.

It happened at the World's Fair.

- When was the last time you did eat?

It's been day nourishment.

That's what I need.

- Fine dining and Belgian waffles were given screen time then, but take a leap to 1970 four's parallax view.

A thriller whose opening scenes are set on the needle where a political assassination takes place.

The hitman in the film must be one of the dumbest in history because he runs to the needle's roof to escape.

He falls off of course if the needle was supposed to portend a shiny new future a decade after it was built.

It was used to convey some ominous Watergate era tarnish One drama offered some hope.

Seattle was known for a high suicide rate, but also for its efforts to offer mental health support.

In 1960 fives the Slender Thread, Sidney Poitier is a University of Washington student volunteer at the New Crisis Clinic.

He tries to save the life of a woman played by Anne Bancroft, who has overdosed on sleeping pills.

- She's in a motel 200 rooms kicked down the doors.

- She lives in a mid-century modern house overlooking Shho.

Her husband is a commercial fisherman who is oddly often wearing a Mad Men style suit and tie.

Still the picture was a mental health drama that captured a sense of mid-century alienation as the city galvanizes to help a woman in trouble.

All to a jazzy score by Seattle's Quincy Jones in the 1970s as the region struggled through the Boeing recession, Seattle became a kind of second rate.

San Francisco with film chase scenes and dirty, hairy knockoffs who can forget the muscle car chased through town by John Wayne in McHugh.

- It's the only way to go.

- Even more impressive was Connie Stevens as a seventies campy crime fighter.

Police freeze.

Don't anybody move a muscle.

Her romp through town in a dune buggy in the movie Scorchy is epic.

The chase even ends with a shooting atop ivers and she then leaps off the ferry ramp at Coleman Dock.

Seattle also seemed to be a magnet for cinematic con artists.

Harry in Your Pocket is a 1973 film shot in part in Union Station, pioneer Square and downtown that features a team of pickpockets.

- Now here are the goods.

- Another con movie is David Mamet's, 1987 House of Games in which a Seattle psychiatrist played by Lindsay Kraus decides to study con men.

A key meeting place is the now gone two 11 Billiard Club on Union.

The shrink is conned herself, but there's a deadly twist.

And speaking of deadly, the campy thriller Black Widow also from 1987 features Deborah Winger as a federal investigator who comes to town chasing a female serial killer played by Theresa Russell, who offs her husbands for money.

This ushered in a darker era, which writer Tim Egan dubbed Northwest Noir.

If Seattle could be a place of crime, then so too could its beautiful surroundings, be infused with a sense of menace.

What kind of fantastic trees have you got grown around here, director David Lynch's TV series.

Twin Peaks captures the dark presence of northwest forests and mountains and starred UW trained actor.

Kyle McLaughlin, federal Bureau of Investigations special agent Dale Cooper Lynch's movie prequel in 1992, twin Peaks fire Walk with me had some Seattle scenes, but they were overcome by the appearances of demons, visions, dream figures in a surrealistic hash and a memorable eerie musical score.

In the nineties, noir seems to have given away to love, whimsy and grunge.

Harry and the Hendersons offered a warm-hearted take on the biggest northwest mystery.

He's A Bigfoot person.

And turn the ominous lynch landscape of Twin Peaks into a safe zone for a lovable Sasquatch sleepless in Seattle.

- That's a chicks movie.

- Saw a Seattle man played by Tom Hanks.

Learning about love from of all people.

Rob Reer at the Athenian restaurant in the market.

The most magical thing in the movie isn't Hanks finding love with Meg Ryan, but living in a lake Union houseboat far beyond his means.

The most definitive Seattle movie of the era perhaps ever is singles.

A kind of friends meets grunge film about young adults in the early nineties, living Cheap in Seattle.

Matt Dylan's band Citizen Dick is played by Pearl Jammers.

The movie is also jammed with every Seattle cliche coffee flannel mosh pits.

One of the lead characters is even a high speed transit advocate.

There is almost no need to leave the house any dark side.

The city or the grunge scene might have had is steamrolled by the vibe of 20 something.

Love the 1999 teen flick.

10 Things I Hate About You was ostensibly set in a Seattle high school, though the school used was Tacoma's Magnificent Stadium.

High teen angst in the quest for freedom ring loudly for many non boomers in these movies, - Mr. Strafford is just a party - And hell is just a sauna.

- Seattle was no longer a dumpy port town or crime scene, but a sitting for coming of age fantasies.

Seattle, nice outlasted noir.

Apparently nowadays Seattle has been largely bypassed by Hollywood.

Tinseltown has found a town that makes a better Seattle.

Vancouver BC is now a regular stand-in for the Emerald City.

That's Hollywood Grizzly bears once ranged over much of North America.

From the Great Plains to the high Sierras, from Yellowstone to the desert Southwest.

Today they're an estimated 60,000 grizzly roaming the wilds, most of them in Alaska and British Columbia.

But once upon a time they also lived in the North Cascades of Washington.

A few still might sightings are extremely rare, so the US government has considered whether to reintroduce grizzlies to this remote wilderness area.

Just what is the history of the grizzlies in Washington and what happened to them?

URSs Atos Riis was well known to native peoples in the West long before they were given Greek and Latin names bears featured in indigenous experience, art and stories.

Tribes throughout the northwest had distinct words for the grizzly and the more ubiquitous black bear necklaces of impressive grizzly talents much longer and more deadly than a black bear's claws were highly prized and traded masks and dances featured grizzlies.

They were part of the traditional diet of mammals of peoples like the upper Skagit Grizzlies were more widespread in what is now Washington.

Millennia ago they were hunted with spears and arrows long before guns came west.

There's archeological evidence that 10,000 or more years ago they were in Puget South country as bones found on Whidby Island attest rumors of the great bear filtered back east.

But there were more legend than fact among Euro-Americans until the early 19th century when the Lewis and Clark expedition headed west overland to the Pacific, the grizzly was about to become real to the rest of America.

Part of Lewis and Clark's charge was to gather information about the new species they encountered in the spring of 1805.

After hearing stories about the grizzly bears fierceness and seeing enormous tracks, the expedition finally started to encounter grizzly bears on May 5th along the Missouri River in eastern Montana.

Captain William Clark and another man killed a large grizzly, a terrible looking animal.

Clark wrote, they recorded that the bear weighed five to 600 pounds and was over eight feet in length, a most tremendous looking animal and extremely hard to kill.

Notwithstanding, he had five balls through his lungs and five others in various parts.

The wounded bear swam halfway across a river to escape before dying on a sandbar roaring throughout his long death rows.

The explorers ate the bear and boiled its fat, finding that it hardened solid like lard.

Bear fat became the expedition's favorite cooking oil.

The expedition encountered and killed a number of grizzlies until they got over the mountains to Oregon and Washington, where they encountered none on their way to the mouth of the Columbia River, but their accounts of bears on their return.

East shaped public awareness with the impression that the way West was populated by a fearsome predator.

Researchers today have combed 19th century records of the fur trade to try and discover where the grizzly population in Washington was at that time.

The Hudson's Bay Ford Trading Company accounts give a partial answer, focusing on trading posts that bracketed the Cascades ecosystem.

Fort Langley and Thompson in bc, Colville, Okanagan and S Pierce in eastern Washington and Nisqually on Puget Sound.

Researchers found that between 1826 and 1857, some 3,188 grizzly bear pelts were traded at these posts.

The vast majority, nearly 2,700 were from Fort Colvin.

These records are incomplete and some of the grizzly pelts might have come from farther afield, but they offer evidence that grizzly bears were in and around the North Cascades ecosystem.

They were already virtually absent from the Western Washington lowlands.

However, Fort Sali reported only two pelts.

In those same three decades, a settlement spread and single shop muskets gave way to more frontier fire power grizzlies were largely killed off by settlers, ranchers, and hunters.

Reading through the 19th century newspapers, the grizzly was often described as monstrous.

The last stand of the grizzly seems to be east of the cascade crest in places like Upper Ska Valley, Ross Lake, anti Ette Meadows and Shelan.

In 1888, an account of a grizzly being shot in the foothills near the Nooksack River reported that grizzlies were quote quite numerous in the mountain fastness of the baker range.

But by 19 23, 1 report estimated that there were only 22 grizzlies remaining in Washington and Oregon.

The last known grizzly killed in Washington's north Cascades was in Fisher Creek Basin south of Ross Lake, shot by a hunter in 1967.

In the 200 years of settlement, the grizzly was essentially extirpated from Washington.

Despite a few grizzlies in the northeastern Selkirk range on the Washington BC Idaho border, and a possible few in the North Cascades.

Not everyone would welcome grizzlies back.

The other apex predator.

The wolf has been reintroduced in Washington and some folks are not happy about that.

Bears and wolves can prey on livestock.

Some fear the outdoors will be made less safe for recreation.

The North Cascades are one of the only large wild areas left in the lower 48 with nearly 10,000 square miles of wilderness that could into time theoretically support a large population, perhaps as many as 250 grizzlies more than are found in Yellowstone National Park today.

That would be decades from now.

But a recent report indicated that climate change might actually expand habitat for Grizzlies in that area.

Could a warming planet aid their comeback?

Here the world is full of surprises.

One of the most remarkable and most expensive cars ever built was built right here in Puget Sound in Kent, Washington, and we sent them to the moon and still there.

This is really a rock and roller ride, isn't it?

We have lift on does the Apollo missions progressed?

NASA decided that the astronauts, instead of just walking on the moon, needed to go further in order to do good science.

They had to invent this new vehicle and this vehicle had to be able to operate in extraordinary conditions.

It had to operate in a vacuum, it had to operate in temperatures that ranged down to 200 to 250.

Below.

There were no roads, obviously.

You've got billions of years of dust and rocks and craters, mountains.

They had to be able to fold it up and put it in the lunar module and then they had to be able to unfold it on the surface in about 15 minutes.

So one of the cool things we have here are what amount to the owner's manuals the chassis.

Let's take a look at that.

There's a description of the wheels, and I don't think they had seat belts on this thing.

When they got in and drove around, they traveled pretty slowly.

You were traveling at maybe five miles an hour, depended on the terrain.

I think they could go up to about 11 miles an hour.

So it wasn't a fast moving vehicle.

There was one famous glitch in the process of the setting it up, they damaged a fender.

What did they use to fix the fender on the lunar rovers duct tape.

It did look like it was, you know, on a, on a beach with some guys joy riding it.

But it was really appealing because I think people did know that there was actually a purpose for those up there, that they were extending our reach, extending exploration.

You felt like modern civilization had actually arrived.

You know, there were cars on the moon.

Now, for a long time, Seattle has seen itself as a launchpad to the Space Age, and the interesting thing to me is that the launchpad more rightly belongs to Kent.

This is where Rockets and the rovers and were developed and things are still being developed there.

B Boeing is still doing a lot of work for nasa.

Jeff Bezos Blue Origin Company, which is looking at ways to populate the moon and explore space is based in Kent.

People are gonna be running around up there.

It'd be interesting to see if one of those buggies can still drive.

So taking a look at the lunar rover manuals, I brought my Subaru Forester manual, the security indicator light alarm system.

Like how do you turn it off?

Warning, battery fluid is sulfuric acid.

Do not let it come in contact with your eye.

Okay, not, I'm not sure you really need to warn people about - That, but maybe you do.

Hi, I am Steven Hague joining Mossback himself, Knut Berger here in the Mossback Den.

Thank you so much for joining us for the very best of Moss Back's Northwest right here on Cascade PBS.

Your support makes programs like this possible, which are free and accessible to everyone, but there are very real costs associated with a program like Moss Backs Northwest.

Whether it's travel costs to take canoe and the crew across the state, the investment in equipment, hours and hours of editing, it's expensive to produce a high quality program like Moss Backs Northwest.

But programs like this are important.

They matter.

When you become a Cascade PBS member, you will feel great knowing that you've done your part.

To make enriching programs like SBAs Northwest possible simply call 804 4 3 19 99, scan the QR code or visit our website.

Becoming a monthly sustainer is a great way to do it.

Just a few dollars a month makes such an impact and when you contribute right now, we have some wonderful ways of saying thank you.

Take a look.

- Thank you for joining us for the very best of Moss Back's Northwest.

Your contribution today will deliver treasured cascade PBS programs to you, your family, and your community.

And we have some incredible moss back's, Northwest thank you gifts for your support when you donate $7 a month or $84 annually.

We'll thank you with a limited edition Enamel Campfire mug featuring the Mossback logo, a great gift for yourself or any other MOSSBACK fans in your life.

And one you can only find here at Cascade PBS.

Donate $10 a month or $120 annually and you'll receive a special invitation to a members only reception at the annual Moss Back's Northwest event.

You'll see moba himself, Kute Berger in person, and learn even more about the upcoming season of the series and get behind the scenes insights into the making of the show.

Your membership also includes the weekly Mossback Den newsletter with special updates about the show, local history features, and knuts answers to your questions.

From the Moss Back mailbag, you'll also be able to stream an extended library of PBS shows on demand with our most popular member benefit Cascade PBS Passport.

You'll also enjoy a subscription to our monthly Cascade PBS Viewer Guide.

Donate at the $180 level or $15 a month and you'll get it all the limited edition Mossback Campfire mug.

An invite to the members only reception at the annual mossback event, the Mossback Den newsletter, cascade PBS Passport and the monthly viewer guide.

Best of all, your gift will deliver the enriching cascade PBS programs and trusted journalism you and our community depend on.

Donate now at cascade pbs.org/support moba.

Call the number on your screen or scan the QR code with your phone's camera.

Thank you - Canoe.

I love the episode in which you look at the very different ways that Seattle has been portrayed on film.

Do you have a favorite film that was shot in Seattle?

Actually in Seattle, not in Vancouver.

- Yeah.

Well you would think probably knowing my obsession with the Space Needle, that it would be one of, you know, the Elvis movie at the world's fair or parallax view.

Both of who, which, you know, were sort of dramatic, but you know, I, when I was a kid, Elvis was super lame and that was like nothing but the, the one that really struck me.

It was sort of a rediscovery in doing that.

That segment was a slender thread, - Right?

- And this is this drama where Anne Bancroft is threatening to commit suicide.

She takes a bunch of sleeping pills.

She gets on the phone with a guy at the crisis clinic who happens to be Sidney Poitier and there's this drama to find her before she dies.

And it's like the whole city mobilizes to find this woman who's in jeopardy.

And it's done in black and white.

It's almost like a documentary and it shows a Seattle that I remember we're old enough to remember back to the 1960s Seattle.

And there's something about it that just captures a mood and a place that I have some nostalgia for.

- And it was interesting because it, it also portrayed the first crisis, crisis clinic line that was a very innovative way to assert people who might be in trouble.

Nobody had done that before.

That's - Right.

Life Magazine had done an article about it and made Seattle kind of famous as this progressive city that would do such a thing.

Any others?

Second favorite?

Second favorite is probably Tugboat Annie, which was the first big Hollywood MGO production in Seattle.

And it just has this sort of working class hero kind of thing.

Annie is fighting the odds and making her way on the rough and tumble waterfront and yeah, - You could smell the diesel coming right off the dock.

- Exactly.

- It's just that gritty.

- Again, it's kind of a, a Seattle bit.

Many of us remember in some form, and I like the message, - I think mine is singles maybe mostly because I saw Matt Dylan at the gym in Pioneer Square one day.

- It's kind of everything.

Everything you've people would fantasize about grunge.

You know, it's like Seattle's cheap.

Everybody's wearing flannel.

You could do whatever you want, you know, and I think it influenced a lot of people.

- Thank you for watching.

The very best of Moss Back's northwest on Cascade PBS.

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When you donate $7 a month or $84 annually, you'll receive a limited edition Moss Back campfire mug with a $10 monthly or $120 per year.

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Receive the limited edition mug, the invitation to the members only reception at the annual Mossback event and weekly updates and special features in the Moss Back Den newsletter.

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On behalf of Cano and me and the entire Moss Back team, thanks for watching and supporting the very best of Moss Spec's Northwest here on Cascade PBS.

Thank you.